Over the past decades, extrinsic pressures have greatly increased for many organisms due to anthropogenic alteration of ecosystems. pollution, parasites, climate and predation). While intrinsic mortality risk is due to ageing (physical and functional degradation of the body), extrinsic mortality risk rather refers to environmental hazards (e.g. Variation in lifespan is generally linked to both intrinsic and extrinsic pressures acting separately or interacting with each other. Lifespan is a fundamental life-history trait that can exhibit tremendous variation between individuals of a given population. We believe these data on the natural mortality risks in honeybee workers will help assess the impact of anthropogenic pressures on bees.
#French bee 711 driver#
In conclusion, the pre-foraging stage during which bees perform orientation flights is a critical driver of bee lifespan. Once in the foraging stage, individuals experience a constant mortality risk of 9% and 36% per hour of foraging and per foraging day, respectively. Most importantly, our results indicate that a large proportion (40%) of the bees die during pre-foraging stage, and for those surviving, the elapsed time and flight experience between the first flight and the onset of foraging is of paramount importance to maximize the number of days spent foraging. Our results show that the age at the first flight and onset of foraging are critical factors that determine, to a large extent, lifespan. We measured their life-history traits and notably assessed whether lifespan is influenced by pre-foraging flight experience. Using automated lifelong individual monitoring devices, we monitored worker bees in different geographical, seasonal and colony contexts creating a broad range of hive conditions.
#French bee 711 drivers#
Assessing the various anthropogenic pressures imposed on honeybees requires characterizing the patterns and drivers of natural mortality.
0 kommentar(er)
